这是简介：
Context
Jonathan Swift, son of the English lawyer Jonathan Swift the elder, was born in Dublin, Ireland, on November 30, 1667. He grew up there in the care of his uncle before attending Trinity College at the age of fourteen, where he stayed for seven years, graduating in 1688. In that year, he became the secretary of Sir William Temple, an English politician and member of the Whig party. In 1694, he took religious orders in the Church of Ireland and then spent a year as a country parson. He then spent further time in the service of Temple before returning to Ireland to become the chaplain of the earl of Berkeley. Meanwhile, he had begun to write satires on the political and religious corruption surrounding him, working on A Tale of a Tub, which supports the position of the Anglican Church against its critics on the left and the right, and The Battle of the Books, which argues for the supremacy of the classics against modern thought and literature. He also wrote a number of political pamphlets in favor of the Whig party. In 1709 he went to London to campaign for the Irish church but was unsuccessful. After some conflicts with the Whig party, mostly because of Swift’s strong allegiance to the church, he became a member of the more conservative Tory party in 1710.
Unfortunately for Swift, the Tory government fell out of power in 1714 and Swift, despite his fame for his writings, fell out of favor. Swift, who had been hoping to be assigned a position in the Church of England, instead returned to Dublin, where he became the dean of St. Patrick’s. During his brief time in England, Swift had become friends with writers such as Alexander Pope, and during a meeting of their literary club, the Martinus Scriblerus Club, they decided to write satires of modern learning. The third voyage of Gulliver’s Travels is assembled from the work Swift did during this time. However, the final work was not completed until 1726, and the narrative of the third voyage was actually the last one completed. After his return to Ireland, Swift became a staunch supporter of the Irish against English attempts to weaken their economy and political power, writing pamphlets such as the satirical A Modest Proposal, in which he suggests that the Irish problems of famine and overpopulation could be easily solved by having the babies of poor Irish subjects sold as delicacies to feed the rich.
Gulliver’s Travels was a controversial work when it was first published in 1726. In fact, it was not until almost ten years after its first printing that the book appeared with the entire text that Swift had originally intended it to have. Ever since, editors have excised many of the passages, particularly the more caustic ones dealing with bodily functions. Even without those passages, however, Gulliver’s Travels serves as a biting satire, and Swift ensures that it is both humorous and critical, constantly attacking British and European society through its descriptions of imaginary countries.
Late in life, Swift seemed to many observers to become even more caustic and bitter than he had been. Three years before his death, he was declared unable to care for himself, and guardians were appointed. based on these facts and on a comparison between Swift’s fate and that of his character Gulliver, some people have concluded that he gradually became insane and that his insanity was a natural outgrowth of his indignation and outrage against humankind. However, the truth seems to be that Swift was suddenly incapacitated by a paralytic stroke late in life, and that prior to this incident his mental capacities were unimpaired.
Gulliver’s Travels is about a specific set of political conflicts, but if it were nothing more than that it would long ago have been forgotten. The staying power of the work comes from its depiction of the human condition and its often despairing, but occasionally hopeful, sketch of the possibilities for humanity to rein in its baser instincts.
Gulliver'sTravelsrecountsthestoryofLemuelGulliver,apractical-mindedEnglishmantrainedasasurgeonwhotakestotheseaswhenhisbusinessfails。
《格列佛的故事》讲述了一个名叫李默尔·格列佛的人的故事，他是一位受过训练的英语实用主义者，在生意失败时接受了培训。
Inadeadpanfirst-personnarrativethatrarelyshowsanysignsofself-reflectionordeepemotionalresponse,Gullivernarratestheadventuresthatbefallhimonthesetravels。
在第一人称叙述中，格列佛很少表现出自我反省或情绪反应，他讲述了他在旅行中遇到的最冒险的事情。
Gulliver'sadventureinLilliputbeginswhenhewakesafterhisshipwrecktofindhimselfboundbyinnumerabletinythreadsandaddressedbytinycaptorswhoareinaweofhimbutfiercelyprotectiveoftheirkingdom。
格列佛的冒险始于他从沉船中醒来，发现自己被无数条细线包围，并由一个能更好地保护自己王国的接受者寻址。
AfterstayinginEnglandwithhiswifeandfamilyfortwomonths,Gulliverundertakeshisnextseavoyage,whichtakeshimtoalandofgiantscalledBrobdingnag。
在与妻子和家人一起生活了几个月后，格列佛承办了下一次旅行，这使他成为了一个规模宏大的布罗丁纳格岛上的一员。
Next,Gulliversetssailagainand,afteranattackbypirates,endsupinLaputa,thentravelstoBalnibarbi,Glubbdubdrib,LuggnaggandJapan。
接下来，格列佛出海航行，在被海盗袭击后，结束苏比尔普塔，然后是巴尔尼巴比、格卢布·杜布德里布、卢格纳格和日本。
Finally,onhisfourthjourney,Gulliversetsoutascaptainofaship。
最后，在他的第四次旅行中，格列佛登上了帆船。
British writer Jonathan; Swift's Gulliver's travels, the novel describes the adventures of Gulliver with a keen irony and humor, fantastic imagination and exaggeration, and travels around the world four times, experiencing great and small adventure. The first voyage with lefou road in distress, escape, drift left to Lilliput, is bound to the king. However, the gentle performance of Gulliver gradually won the favor of the king and the people, and he gradually became familiar with the customs of the small country. Later in Gulliver's help to defeat the same is Lilliput "but Fugu Si" Gulliver to exterminate Blefuscu Empire, the emperor was not happy. At this time, the empress palace fire in Gulliver's wisdom, pee put out the fire, who knows but let the queen was very angry. So, to get rid of Lilliput and gulliver. Gulliver heard the wind, quickly fled to the Empire of Blefuscu, later returned safely to england. The second time, Gulliver went to the adult state, before in the small country, Gulliver is a monster, but now, he is not even an ant in adults! Because he is a special type in the adult state, and was received as a small thing in the suitcase, brought to the town show exhibition. Later, after three years, Gulliver to accompany the king tour frontier. Because of Gulliver's homesick, and pretended to be sick, came to the seaside and breathe the fresh air. But the eagle in the sky took him live in the box for a turtle hung up. The next few eagle in the air battle, the box fell into the sea, a ship was passing found Gulliver, after being rescued, he sailed back to England. But the heart of Gulliver's travel around the world is not destroyed, in the third Gulliver went to the flying island, visited in Laputa and Glubbdubdrib, who looks abnormal, strange clothing, all be in a brown study. In the Academy of science, designers are engaged in the study of some subject result be a wild legend, the land desolate, the collapse of the housing, the people had no food, no clothes. In the people on the island, he is good at master magic, necromancy, they learned, found the historical truth is powerful in the world to deceive. Gref also visited La NEGELE Kingdom, see a man of immortality "sitelubu". After leaving the country, Gulliver came to Japan, and then went back to england.
He ironically tells British characteristics at that time: "greed, the party struggles, hypocrisy, no letters, cruelty, anger, resentment, jealousy, lust, crazy, sinister and ambitions." He sarcastically described the bizarre phenomenon of human animal upside down: Ma became rational carrier, while the others into a dirty, smelly urine dashing, greedy for inferior animal yehuda. He talks about human nature, is willing to be enslaved by money, not extravagant waste, that is, greed. The author not only satirize the British society at that time, but I think it is more important to decide the whole human society. Alemayehu represents human beings, while the hero is so disgusted with Alemayehu. All the lines of the book reveal the author's dissatisfaction with the society.
On the other hand, the hero's life in the Hui country and Hui Yuan is the most unforgettable. Their country does not have words of evil, like deceit, doubt, cunning, and so on. So their society will not be deceived, suspected, cunning, framed, conspiracy, bribery...... That world is a place full of happiness and happiness. So that when the hero left there, he shed sad tears.
After reading Gulliver's travels, we can not help but examine ourselves. Do we have the shadow of these stubborn roots?.
Although our society does not decline as the United Kingdom at that time, but where to go or not. Petty theft, littering, vandalism. It's all around us. Murder, drug smuggling, brutal crazy. It's not surprising that we often see things on tv.
Such a turbid society is something we need to clarify. Now we can't do anything spectacular, but we can do what we can do. Even lower your head, pick up a piece of garbage, write an environmental article, call friends relatives...... This is something we can easily do.
